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BS EN 12056-3 Download: Everything You Need to Know About Gravity Drainage Systems Inside Buildings

Gravity drainage systems inside buildings are essential for ensuring the safe and efficient removal of rainwater and wastewater from roofs and paved areas. However, designing and installing these systems can be challenging, especially when dealing with complex roof shapes, variable rainfall patterns, and different types of materials. That’s why it is important to follow the best practices and standards that are available for this field.

One of the most widely used standards in Europe is BS EN 12056-3:2000 “Gravity drainage systems inside buildings – Part 3: Roof drainage, layout and calculation”. This standard provides comprehensive guidance on how to design gravity drainage systems for roof drainage, covering both flat roofs and pitched roofs, as well as paved areas such as terraces, balconies and car parks. It also covers overflow weirs, rainwater pipes and drains inside buildings, and siphonic systems.

In this article, we will explain what BS EN 12056-3 is, why you need it, how to download it, and how to use it for your projects.

What is BS EN 12056-3?

BS EN 12056-3 is a European standard that was published in September 2000 by the British Standards Institution (BSI). It is part of a series of five standards that cover different aspects of gravity drainage systems inside buildings. The other four parts are:

• Part 1: General and performance requirements
• Part 2: Sanitary pipework – Layout and calculation
• Part 4: Waste water lifting plants – Layout and calculation
• Part 5: Installation and testing, instructions for operation, maintenance and use

BS EN 12056-3 focuses on roof drainage, which is the process of collecting and conveying rainwater from roofs and paved areas to drains or sewers. The standard recommends design methods for roof drainage based on modern hydraulics and meteorological knowledge. It also deals with the choice of materials and site-work, including inspection, testing and maintenance.

The standard is based on the principle that the design flow load for a roof drainage system should be calculated from the rainfall intensity for a given return period and the effective catchment area of the roof or paved area. The standard gives formulas and tables for calculating these parameters, as well as methods for determining the capacity of freely-discharging gutters, outlets from gutters, gutters with restricted discharge, and rainwater pipes.

Why do you need BS EN 12056-3?

BS EN 12056-3 is a useful resource for drainage engineers because it helps them to design roof drainage systems that are safe, efficient and durable. By following the standard, you can ensure that your roof drainage system can cope with the expected rainfall intensity and frequency, prevent water accumulation and leakage on roofs and paved areas, avoid structural damage and corrosion of materials, and comply with the relevant building regulations and codes of practice.

BS EN 12056-3 is also a harmonized standard under the Construction Products Regulation (CPR), which means that it can be used to demonstrate compliance with the essential requirements of the CPR for roof drainage products. By using BS EN 12056-3, you can benefit from the free movement of goods within the European Economic Area (EEA) and avoid technical barriers to trade.

How to download BS EN 12056-3?

If you want to download BS EN 12056-3, you have several options. You can purchase a PDF or hard copy version of the standard from the BSI website. You can also access the standard online through various subscription services, such as BSI Online or NBS Chorus . Alternatively, you can borrow a copy of the standard from a library or a colleague who has already purchased it.

However you choose to download BS EN 12056-3, make sure that you use the latest version of the standard, which is dated September 2000. You should also check if there are any amendments or corrigenda to the standard that may affect your design calculations. You can find these on the BSI website or on other online platforms that provide updates on standards .

How to use BS EN 12056-3?

Once you have downloaded BS EN 12056-3, you can use it to design your roof drainage system according to your project specifications and requirements. The standard contains separate chapters dealing with different aspects of roof drainage design, such as rainfall data, effective catchment area, design flow loads, capacity of gutters and outlets, drainage of flat roofs, overflow weirs, rainwater pipes and drains inside buildings, and siphonic systems.

Each chapter consists of two parts. The first part provides background information, either explaining the basis of the recommendations in BS EN 12056-3 or giving additional data. The second part describes in detail the steps that should be followed in the calculations.

To use BS EN 12056-3 effectively, you should follow these steps:

• Read the introduction and scope of the standard to understand its objectives and limitations.
• Select the appropriate chapter for your design problem and read the background information carefully.
• Follow the calculation steps in order and use the formulas and tables provided in the standard.
• Check your results against the criteria given in the standard and make any necessary adjustments.
• Document your calculations and assumptions clearly and reference them to the standard.
• Review your design periodically and update it if there are any changes in your project specifications or requirements.

Conclusion

What are siphonic systems?

Siphonic systems are a type of roof drainage system that use the principle of siphon to create a negative pressure inside the pipes and draw water off the roof at high velocity. A siphon is a device that involves the flow of liquids through tubes in an inverted “U” shape, which causes a liquid to flow upward, above the surface of a reservoir, with no pump, but powered by the fall of the liquid as it flows down the tube under the pull of gravity.

A siphonic roof drainage system consists of specially designed roof outlets that prevent air from entering the pipes and create a seal around the water column. As the water level rises in the pipes, it creates a suction effect that accelerates the flow of water and fills the pipes completely. This allows the use of smaller diameter pipes that can be installed horizontally or with a slight slope, reducing the number of downpipes and underground drains.

BS EN 12056-3 covers siphonic systems as one of the possible applications of roof drainage design. The standard gives specific recommendations on how to calculate the design flow load, the effective catchment area, and the capacity of siphonic outlets and pipes. It also gives guidance on how to install, test and maintain siphonic systems.

What are the advantages of siphonic systems?

Siphonic systems have several advantages over conventional gravity drainage systems, such as:

• They can handle higher rainfall intensities and reduce the risk of flooding on roofs and paved areas.
• They can reduce the number and size of roof outlets, downpipes and underground drains, saving space and material costs.
• They can allow more flexibility in pipe routing and layout, avoiding obstacles and interferences with other services.
• They can reduce the hydraulic head losses and friction losses in the pipes, improving the efficiency and performance of the system.
• They can enable rainwater harvesting and reuse by delivering clean water at high pressure to storage tanks.

How to design siphonic systems using BS EN 12056-3?

To design siphonic systems using BS EN 12056-3, you should follow these steps:

• Read Chapter 10 of BS EN 12056-3 to understand the principles and requirements of siphonic systems.
• Select suitable siphonic outlets that meet the criteria given in BS EN 12056-3, such as minimum flow rate, minimum submergence depth, minimum air gap, and maximum outlet diameter.
• Calculate the design flow load for each roof or paved area using the formulas and tables given in BS EN 12056-3. Consider factors such as rainfall intensity, return period, effective catchment area, coefficient of runoff, and safety factor.
• Determine the number and location of siphonic outlets based on the design flow load and the capacity of each outlet. Ensure that each outlet has an adequate free area around it to prevent blockage by debris or snow.
• Design the pipe network connecting the siphonic outlets to the drains or sewers. Use appropriate pipe materials, diameters, fittings, supports, and joints that comply with BS EN 12056-3. Ensure that each pipe has a sufficient slope to initiate siphonic action and avoid air pockets.
• Check that the system can operate under full bore flow conditions without exceeding the maximum allowable velocity or pressure in any pipe section. Use hydraulic calculations or computer software to verify your design.
• Document your design calculations and assumptions clearly and reference them to BS EN 12056-3. Provide drawings and specifications for installation and testing.
• Review your design periodically and update it if there are any changes in your project specifications or requirements.

Conclusion

What are overflow weirs?

Overflow weirs are a type of weir that are used to divert excess flow from one channel to another. They are commonly used in industrial cleaning systems, wastewater treatment plants, stormwater management systems, and irrigation canals. They can also be used to measure the flow rate or level of water in a channel.

An overflow weir is a raised overflow crest, usually a flat horizontal block, that is placed across a channel. The crest height determines the maximum water level in the upstream channel. When the water level exceeds the crest height, it overflows the weir and flows to the downstream channel. The overflow rate depends on the difference between the upstream and downstream water levels, and the length and shape of the weir crest.

BS EN 12056-3 covers overflow weirs as one of the possible components of roof drainage systems. The standard gives specific recommendations on how to design overflow weirs for flat roofs, such as minimum crest height, minimum freeboard, minimum length, and maximum slope. It also gives guidance on how to install, test and maintain overflow weirs.

What are the advantages of overflow weirs?

Overflow weirs have several advantages over other types of flow control structures, such as:

• They are simple and inexpensive to construct and operate.
• They can handle variable flow rates and water levels without requiring any adjustment or regulation.
• They can prevent flooding and water accumulation on roofs and paved areas by diverting excess flow to alternative channels.
• They can provide a relatively quiet and stable water surface upstream of the weir for accurate flow measurement or level control.
• They can reduce the hydraulic head losses and friction losses in the channels by avoiding abrupt changes in flow direction or cross-section.

How to design overflow weirs using BS EN 12056-3?

To design overflow weirs using BS EN 12056-3, you should follow these steps:

• Read Chapter 9 of BS EN 12056-3 to understand the principles and requirements of overflow weirs.
• Select suitable overflow weirs that meet the criteria given in BS EN 12056-3, such as minimum crest height, minimum freeboard, minimum length, and maximum slope.
• Calculate the design flow load for each roof or paved area using the formulas and tables given in BS EN 12056-3. Consider factors such as rainfall intensity, return period, effective catchment area, coefficient of runoff, and safety factor.
• Determine the number and location of overflow weirs based on the design flow load and the capacity of each weir. Ensure that each weir has an adequate free area around it to prevent blockage by debris or snow.
• Design the channel network connecting the overflow weirs to the drains or sewers. Use appropriate channel materials, cross-sections, slopes, bends, junctions, and outlets that comply with BS EN 12056-3. Ensure that each channel has a sufficient capacity and gradient to convey the overflow flow without causing backwater or surcharge.
• Check that the system can operate under normal and extreme flow conditions without exceeding the maximum allowable water level or velocity in any channel section. Use hydraulic calculations or computer software to verify your design.
• Document your design calculations and assumptions clearly and reference them to BS EN 12056-3. Provide drawings and specifications for installation and testing.
• Review your design periodically and update it if there are any changes in your project specifications or requirements.

Conclusion

Conclusion

In this article, we have explained what BS EN 12056-3 is, why you need it, how to download it, and how to use it for your roof drainage projects. We have also discussed some of the special types of weirs and systems that are covered by the standard, such as siphonic systems and overflow weirs. We have shown how to design these systems using the formulas and tables given in BS EN 12056-3, and how to check and document your design.

BS EN 12056-3 is a valuable resource for drainage engineers who want to design roof drainage systems that are safe, efficient and durable. By following the standard, you can ensure that your system can cope with the expected rainfall intensity and frequency, prevent water accumulation and leakage on roofs and paved areas, avoid structural damage and corrosion of materials, and comply with the relevant building regulations and codes of practice.

If you want to learn more about BS EN 12056-3 and how to apply it to your projects, you can download it from the BSI website or other online platforms. You can also consult other sources of information, such as manuals, guides, books, articles, and software that are related to roof drainage design. You can also contact us if you need any assistance or advice on your roof drainage projects.

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